Analyse The Environment Effect Of Events

Analyse The Environment Effect Of Events The purpose of this essay is to let the reader know that there are some factors that affect environment around and far away from the location of an event, and also assess any challenge that may happened when dealing with this environment problem in the event management industry. The scope of this essay is limited and not focusing on one certain event only, but only talk about some kind of events generally without discuss those events deeply. The analysis is conducted by getting the example of some events and analyzes why those kinds of events may help or even damage the environment. While on assessing the challenge, this essay finds the challenge and comment the value of them. The most important and significant findings is when the effects of an event to the environment may caused pollution by direct and indirect ways. However there is finding about the good side of an event to its environment. And some challenge for this issue is about how to solve, educate, and maintain the process in order to get this environment issue fulfilled. Introduction First of all we must know the definition of event itself. Based on Allen, OToole, Harris Mcdonnell (2005) state that event is certain ceremony, act, presentation or tribute that are intentionally designed, programmed and created to held certain occasions or else get any benefit in cultural, social, and the goal of business. We can see the different types of events such as sport events, festivals, carnivals, parades, market, trade shows, until just a meeting( Arcodia, 2009). And based on the size we can see from just local communities with local people as audiences to mega-events in which the audience is from around the world (Allen, OToole, Harris Mcdonnell, 2005. In this essay I explore the answer for issues that will be discussed. The scope of this essay is about issues in the effect that an event can be caused, either in social, economic, and also environment. Not only the affects it selves but also this essay cover the topics in assessing the challenges that may occurs to environment management industry. I focus on identifying environments factors that effecting events by offering analysis to it. Also in this essay I set the limit about the kind of events into just festival, cultural events, and social events, so the prospects of the person who reads are limited and as a result this met their expectation since that this essay only talked about something in wide scope ,not in detail. When we talk about environment effects of an event, we cannot be far from pollution. Pollution is the biggest issue ever that every government must face in order to protect their environment. Based on curry and Moutinho (1992) that said the relationship between tourism and environment is a symbiotic relationship in sense that conservational area, wild life, and preservation of sites and monuments of historical interest often a response to tourism demand but have the effect of stimulating and maintaining the flow of visitors to that region, government cares about the environment because they can get profit from tourism sector. So that in defining any effects in this essay, I divide the effects into two parts. The first is the negative effect of an event to the environment, and the next one is the positive effect of an event to the environment. Then based on those negative effects I will divide it into two parts as well. The direct negative effect of an event to environment and also th e indirect negative effect of an event are that parts. After that there are some challenges about environment caused by effect of events in event management industry. 432 words Body Firstly we will talk about the negative effects of an event to the environment. Just like I stated in the introduction, this negative effects are divided into two categories, the direct negative effects and indirect negative effects as well. The meaning of negative is already known, it can be something bad, terrible, not proper and many more, but the meaning of direct negatives effect in this essay is about any bad effects that may occurred as the straight result of an event to its environment that come from the waste and material procession of the event itself. Then I will identify some certain events that give direct negative effect to the environment and analyze why that events may cause those damage. The first event is Taiwan lantern festival which held every year when about thousands of Taiwanese light balloon of lantern that made from oil-soaked in folded paper and then put it in high pole. This caused the debris from that lantern to litter the environment and one day this set a fire near Taiwan International Airport, thus create huge amount of cloud and later on many flight is cancelled temporarily. Those smokes may contain carcinogenic chemicals and also benzene that are harmful for peoples health and also becomes pollutant that may damage environment (Adam, 2008). Similar with lantern festival is Floating Lantern Festival in Chiang may where the usage of old style natural material made from banana trunk with the leaves stick in the trunk is replaced by Styrofoam that resulting in the river banks, ponds, and parks being littered and obstructed. This lead to broken environment since the cleaning up progress may consume more time. (Jonal, 2009). The next event is Diwali festival that held in India that consist with bursting crackers. This event may pollute air since the crackers may release toxic gases. The third example is about Bourgas festival in Bulgaria. In that festival, people build seven stages and then makes tent in sea garden park which resultin g everlasting and significant effects to its animals and plants. The result is becoming worse every year. This damage to environment mainly caused by that construction, mass amount of people with tents, and the poor of storage bin with poor restroom facilities as well (Illiev, 2009). The last example of direct effect to environment is the Ganesh Festival in Western India. In this festival, big doll is created using plaster of paris and noxious metals which are destructive substance and then coated with paints that may contains cadmium, mercury, and carbon. All of this doll is put into water that resulting in the decrease of oxygen level in the water which later on may lead to dangerous health for human who eat any fish that contaminated in that water. This festival is clearly polluted the water with the ecosystem within it (Nita, 2007). However, pollution is not restricted only to material pollution but, Poorly designed hotels and other tourist facility buildings, and inadequate or inappropriate landscaping, create visual pollution in an area, ( Kaur Batra, 1996) Now we go to the indirect negative effect of an event to its environment. The meaning of this indirect effect is any consequence from the performance of an event that resulting in the damage of environment by people activity that they did in order to be able to participate in that event. People do everything they could to participate in any certain festivals, sport events, and more events or they just become spectators in that event. By doing that thing, realized or not they have been participating in the destruction of environment. People dont realize when they littering in the area where the events was held. It is still okay if government or official clean up the mess, but the problem occurred when the mess is not quickly being cleaned as it may pollute the environment. They even dont realize that when they go to an event, they use vehicle such as cars, planes, and even ships which all of them is participate in polluting any land, water, and air. The bigger a festival is, the more people will come all around the world. For instance is Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts which is the biggest music festival in the world. Many arts performed there such as music, arts, cabaret, and dance (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, 2009). Being the biggest in the world, we can imagine how many people from different contingents in this world travel only to England where the event took place. Most people must be use planes, ships, and even cars. In Vietnam, many different countries in Europe, U.S., and Asia are participating Hue cultural festival that have tourism, buy and sell and investment fair that participated by qualified local and foreign business (Viet Nga Tourism, 2008). With so many foreign countries participate in, we can assume that more different region of people will come to Vietnam. The other events that contain many different countries are when 15 countries attend Asian-African Children Art and Culture Festival in Jakarta, Indonesia. Even the commit tee expected up to 25 countries will bring their delegation to attend arts performance, games, and storytelling (Zhao, 2009). Of course it is not as big as Glastonbury festival that may attended by million people or more, but this events still makes people around the world go by plane that participated in air pollution that damage the environment. At this moment I will analyze why cars, planes, and ships that all of them are used by people to attend any events is damaging the environment. Pollution from car is the most pollution that people committed. Any emission from car is give bad effect to the driver and people around that car. Climate change is the responsibility of car as well since the engines create greenhouse gas accumulation. The change in climate may produce extreme weather that lead to failure in production of plant fields (Environmed Research, Inc., 2009). Global climate change also worsen by plane that some people belief that it produce more main greenhouse gas than c ars each time since it produce carbon dioxide more in average. Annual global warming as big as Africa Island was also produced by planes (Kirby,2000). And finally is the ship pollution that worsens the environment condition. It makes noise that bother natural world, its ballast tank destroy algae and animals while sometimes it produce illegal waste to the sea. Its sulphur oxide makes acid rain that later on damage crops and when its inhaled by people lead to heart attack. Moreover Cruise ship that people tend use to held some events like festival, concert abroad it or just as a transportation facility to attend any event in different island. Cruise ship produce solid sewage ,oily bilge, and of course air pollutants (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 2009). When we talk about positive effect of an event to its environment, we talk about any good thing that may help and prevent the environment from damage. The first example is about Tzu Chi bazaar of food held in Medan, Indonesia. This bazaars profit will be allocated to the development of any ruin building caused by earthquake in Padang. Moreover in this bazaar that sold vegetarian food, and environment friendly tools, people must bring their own recycle bag because in this bazaar forbid any plastic bag that might damage the environment (Redaksi Web, 2009). Other positive event is Plant for the Planet: Billion Tree Campaign which backed by Kenyan environmentalist, Prince of Monaco, and ICRAF. This campaign rehabilitates million hectares of land by planting billion of trees that will bring back soil and water resources, ecosystem of forest that later on reduce global warming by hold the carbon dioxide level in the air (West,2009). Based on The Nature Conservancy (2009), Nature conservanc y campaign to help protect coral reefs also can be a positive effect for environment. That campaign is just similar with thousand island conservancy event in Indonesia that start everything about Hawksbill Turtle from hatching, rearing, tagging, and releasing that can be joined by general people (Pulau seribu.net, 2008). Then if we want to assess the challenge that provided to this environment issue in event management industry, we must know the challenge itself. The main challenge of course is how to prevent and reduce the pollution that occurs from the celebration of events. Many ways can be done to prevent the pollution, such when held Taiwan Lantern festival, people can use virtual lampoon instead of real fire. People can follow the rule not to littering and leave no trace campaign that they must clean up any mess that occurs because of them. Make substitution for event properties such as doll made from natural friendly material can help protect the environment as well. In order to reduce the car pollution is by buying fuel-efficient cars, use bio-fuel gasoline, and do not drive a car in often time (Environmental Defense Fund, 2009). To reduce plane pollution is by not flying into near distance of destination; go to event close to home and use teleconference technology in spite of use flight for business (Kirby, 2000). And finally in order to reduce and protect the water pollution, any ships are supposed to have good management in recycling or hold the waste, and they must use bio-fuel to reduce air pollution. Urban green tourism can help to reduce the pollution with more natural friendly program. By extension , green could also be read as sustainable or healthy and UGT is then about ecological, cultural, and economic sustenance for the good health of people and their environment(Gibson, Dodds, Joppe Jamieson, 1992). The second challenge to this industry is whose responsibility for the environmental damage this is. This is not only individual attendee, not only government, but it is the responsibility of all parts that make this event happened. So company, government, individual participant and sponsors are sides that have liability to the environment around the event. Education from government and the event committee is needed to make people realize that if they damage th e environment, they will suffer from consequences as well. This education must decrease resistance to care about environment and otherwise they must become enthusiasm with this problem. Next challenge is the speed of action after any suggestion or campaign to reduce pollution caused by an event to be done by people. Whether the speed is slow or fast, it depends on the self-awareness of each person. Accuracy is also important that the campaign can target people with the effective and efficient way, so they tend to protect the environment. The last challenge is about the term where this campaign or education about caring to the environment is being executed. This can be short term where people are tend to keep the education only when this thing is booming, by follow the main stream, or in a long term where people are full of aware in protecting the environment for good. 1821 words Conclusion There are some effects on environment that affected by some particular event. This effect can be measured as negative and positive effect. The negative effects are occurred when the event with its instruments and participants create pollution directly as a trace to an event existence and more over people who attend in certain successful event will give pollution to air, land, and water, by driving, use flight and cruising with ship just to see the entertainment becomes indirect negative effect to environment . The positive effects can be completed if there are environmental friendly festivals, bazaars, and campaign about safety to environment and event to protect ecosystem as well. In this case people should increase the frequency of positive events, and try to reduce activities that may harm the environment. And for assessment of challenges in environment that provide to event management industry is about challenge that we face in this industry. The challenge is about preventing and repair environment from pollution by substituting instruments of events and reduce the usage of any vehicles. Green tourism is one of solution that can reduce the pollution. Then people who have responsibility in the effects of environment become some issue that must be discussed further. Next challenge is about education that must be educated to all people who will attend certain event and then they realize how environment is important for their live. Accuracy and speed are the challenge that objective and measure peoples sequence in realize about this big issue. And finally the term of this campaign to reduce challenge is determine the successful of this movement, the longer of the term is the best object so that environment during the show of an event can be secured. 287 words

Paul Krugman,The Conscious of a Liberal

In this book â€Å"The conscious of a Liberal† Paul Krugman talks about the â€Å"long gilded age† that started from the 1870's until the big depression in the 1930's. He shoes that there was a period of a huge inequality in prosperity and in power, where a supposedly a democratic political system didn't succeeded to show the economic interests of the majority. He said that the big power of America was all utilized to defend belongings interests and there had been an unsuspecting approval and acceptance of a conservative beliefs that any effort to help the people who have fewer fortune would guide to an economic disaster.He talked about the distribution of incomes in the 1920's, where if the capital gains were excluded we would have that the highest 10% in income was receiving 43. 6% from the final income, while the highest 1% in the income was receiving the 17. 3 %. The strange thing is that in 2005, the income allocations facts were so similar to those of the 1920's.H e also mentioned that the â€Å"great Depression† destroyed the gilded age, and he talked about the reforms of â€Å"Franklin Roosevelt†, where the most rich of the 0.1% possessed more than 20% of the state's richness in the 1929, however only 10% in the middle of the 1950's. Krugman talked about the new deal that taxed away the biggest part of their revenues and earnings adding that the blue collar employees benefits the most from this. Paul Krugman talked also about the new division of richens called â€Å"The Great Compression† that picked up a big number of Americans from the urban slum and from the rural deficiency into owning houses and extraordinary comfort.When Roosevelt took the power, the postwar of the middle class culture and society has arose in a small period of time. The â€Å"New Deal† of Roosevelt was accepted by the republican Eisenhower but the rejection during this period of presidency was by some republicans that didn't accept the lib eralism of Eisenhower. Krugman described in his book that when Eisenhower was advocating on the virtues of the toned- down up to date â€Å"Republicanism†, there was a latest type of conservative that started to appear. They captured themselves as some strangers facing organizations and institutions.He added that in the 1964, a union of conservative protestors held control of the â€Å"Republican National Convention† and selected Barry Goldwater for presidency. The presidency of the NIXON was from the point of view of Krugman an evolution period instead of a victory for the new conservatism. As mentioned in the book, in the 1980's, there was a big victory for the New Conservatives, and economics were victories by the new conservatives. These principles maintained without proof that tax cuts would pay for themselves.Krugman wrote that in the execution of the conservative political authority, the economists started to document a slight increase in inequality but most of the Americans noticed just a little or none of the economic growth. He add that, if growth in productivity had been consistently common across the work force, then the usual worker's income should be 35% superior now than what it used to be in the beginning of the 70's. Krugman sum up announcing that for those who they call themselves liberals are in real sense conservatives, whereas those who consider themselves conservatives are mostly in deep radicals.Finally, he said that liberals wish and desire to return to the middle- class society where he grew up in and for those who call themselves conservative, they desire to go back to the gilded age ruining a century of history. From my point of view, I would like to support Krugman in some major points that what brought the US to here is mostly two big puzzles: the first one is an economic puzzle of why it is that we've come to an intra second gilded age, and how is that the inequality has increased as much as it has?; and the second p uzzle is a political one where the political system has been largely responsible for the creation of the second gilded age and where people were heart and the most powerful one had benefit on the less powerful.Also, the thing that made me support mostly Krugman's point of view was that statistics and numbers showed that typical families aren't better off now than what they was in the early 1970's. It's true that the inflation is now higher a little bit than before but it's mainly because of the working spouses and because how much people are working harder now.And from another hand, it was easier in the 1973 to feel that children's were getting a decent education and the inequality in schools has increased greatly. The economy in the 1973 was very good while there was no computers, no internet, no fax machines etc. so what I want to prove is that now, USA is normally in a more productive and more rich than before but we are not sure the typical family has gained anything.The reason is that all or  nearly all of the gain got to the small group of people who are in the top. Some said that this is all because of education, it is true that people with good education did better than people without but if you think from another side, that all teachers and high class managers have mainly the same type of degrees (minimum masters degrees) but at the end one of the high class managers could have a salary of a bunch of teachers you can understand more the point of view mentioned above.So mainly, what I would adopt is that the middle class society was a political creation that didn't just happened gradually and was achieved politically by the â€Å"new deal† Last but not least, most of people would tell you that from another hand that disasters of the economy could increase the inequality, but the post war generation had in fact the best 25 years of the US of any economy could ever had and even though all the different advanced countries that faced globalization and technological development, Uniquely Americans faced a second gilded age, so this assure one thing in my opinion and it's that the gilded age is due to a political creation and system.

Leaders in Innovation Assessment Essay

As stated in the assessment instructions, in the field of organizational leadership, many models are used as a means of examining what qualities and skills make an effective leader. Although there is a variety of models I have decided to analyze the behavioural and the transformational theory models. Reviewing the resources recommended for discovery and delivery skills, I learned how those skills have a direct impact on an effective leader’s performance in innovation organization. The discovery skills are based on associating, questioning, observing, experimenting, and networking they are also referred as the DNA of innovation. Delivery skills also play in the innovation process with their four key skills which are analyzing, planning, detail-oriented implementing, and self-disciplined executing. In the body of this paper I will unfold my research on those skills and identify its correlation with innovation. I will also be assessing the strengths and weaknesses on my ability t o support innovation in an organization. Leadership Models Supporting Innovation Over the years, a number of leadership theories have been established including: trait, behavioural, contingency, and transformational theory. My analysis will be on behavioral and transformational. Behavioral Theories As described in Doyle and Smith (2001) early researchers ran out of steam in their search for traits, they turned to what leaders did and how they behaved, specially towards followers. They moved from leaders to leadership and this became the dominant way of approaching leadership within the organizations in the 1950s and early 1960s. Different patterns of behaviour  were grouped together and labeled as styles. This became a very popular activity within management training perhaps the best known being Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid (1964; 1978). Various schemes appeared, designed to diagnose and develop people’s style of working. Despite different names, the basic ideas were very similar. The four main styles that appear are: Concern for task. Here leaders emphasize the achievement of concrete objectives. Concern for people. In this style, leaders look upon their followers as people their needs, interests, problems, and development. Directive leadership. This styl e is characterized by leaders taking decisions for others and expecting followers or subordinates to follow instructions. Participative leadership. Here leaders try to share decision-making with others. The behavioral theory has many assumptions which conclude that leaders can be made rather than born. This theory has a direct approach with innovation in the organization. With the managements concern for their employees it gives everyone in the organization the motivation to innovate. Innovation is all about adaptability and with the behavioral theory leaders are made, which means that they can adapt to any situation that they are confronted with. The following grid model was developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton in the early 1960s The grid clarifies the magnitude in which a leader focuses on these dimensions determining the leadership style that they relate to. Some leaders are more concerned with getting the tasks at hand completed successfully in a timely manner. Other leaders prefer creating solid interpersonal relationships with their employees, because by being an oriented leader the employee’s performance will be higher. For example, if you have a high concern for completing a task and achieving results with little concern for having a relationship with people, you would be an authority-obedience manager. Another example: if you have little concern to complete a task or interact with people, you would be an impoverished manager. Transformational Theory Transformational leaders are those leaders who transform followers personal  values and self-concepts, move them to higher levels of needs and aspirations (Jung, 2001), and raise the performance expectations of their followers (Bass, 1995). This leadership has four components; charismatic role modeling, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation. Using charisma, the leader instills admiration, respect, and loyalty, and emphasizes the importance of having a collective sense of mission. By individualized consideration, the leader builds a one-to-one relationship with his or her followers, and understands and considers their differing needs, skills, and aspirations. Thus, transformational leaders articulates an exciting vision of the future, shows the followers the ways to achieve the goals, and expresses his or her belief that they can do. (Bass, 1990) Incorporated by (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990; Damanpour, 1991) has been suggested that transformational leadership is an important source of organizational innovation, empirical studies have not examined the moderating role of this contextual factor while investigating the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation. In addition to external support for innovation, support within the organization, in terms of an innovation supporting climate and adequate resources allocated to innovation might also be an important contextual factor that plays a role in this relationship. Transformational leaders have been suggested to have an impact on innovation. Transformational leaders enhance innovation within the organizational context; in other words the tendency of organizations to innovate. According to (Elkins and Keller, 2003) transformational leaders use inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation which are critical for organizational innovation. They also promote creative ideas within their organizations and their behaviors. Blake , and Jane (n.d.). Discovery and Delivery Skills In recent studies it has been identified that the ability of a person’s creative thinking comes one-third from their genetics; and the other two-thirds of innovation skill set comes through learning (Dyer, Gregersen,  & Christensen, 2009, p. 63). To begin with, a person is given a skill set that they will analyze till understand, then practicing, experimenting, and lastly gaining confidence in one’s capacity to create. The following details will demonstrate by skills how innovative entrepreneurs acquire their innovation skills. The following five skills set that constitute the â€Å"innovators DNA†: associating, questioning, observing, networking, and experimenting. Discovery skill 1: Associating is the ability to successfully connect seemingly unrelated questions, problems, or ideas from different fields, is central to the innovator’s DNA. Discovery skill 2: Questioning the power of provocative questions. To question effectively, innovative entrepreneurs do the following: ask â€Å"why?† and â€Å"why not?† and â€Å"what if?† Discovery skill 3: Observing the behavior of potential customers. In observing others, they act like anthropologists and social scientists. Discovery skill 4: Experimenting, innovative entrepreneurs actively try out new ideas by creating prototypes and launching pilots. Discovery skill 5: Networking is devoting time and energy to finding and testing ideas through a network of diverse individuals gives innovators a radically different perspective. Delivery skills play in the innovation process, improving their discovery, and encouraging themselves and their organizations to take a long-term view. The delivery skills consist of four keys terms: analyzing, planning, detailed-oriented implementing, and self-disciplined executing. At times delivery skills are relatively more important during the maturity growth of a business. Analyzing: examine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of something or information. Planning: the process of making plans for something. Detail-oriented implementing: capable of carrying out a given task with all details necessary to get the task well done and executed. Disciplined-executing: acting in accordance, and performing an act successfully. The synthesis of, discovery and delivery skills are critical for delivering results and translating an innovative idea into reality for organizations. According to Dyer, Gregersen, and Christensen, (2011) it is vital to understand that the skills critical to an organization’s success  vary systematically throughout the business life cycle. For example, in the start-up phase of an innovative venture, the founders are obviously more discovery-driven and entrepreneurial. Discovery skills are crucial early in the business life cycle because the company’s key task is to generate new ideas worth pursuing. Thus, discovery skills are highly valued at this stage and delivery skills are secondary. However, once innovative entrepreneurs come up with a promising new business idea and then shape that idea into a bona fide business opportunity, the company begins to grow and then must pay attention to building the processes necessary to scale the idea. Strengths and Weaknesses in Discovery & Delivery Skills Strengths Discovery Skills Weaknesses Associating: I’m always coming up with new ideas to improve things. Experimenting: Like with observing I also like to experiment, but I quickly become frustrated after getting something wrong after a couple of tries. I would like to give myself the ability to keep trying with a positive mind that I will get to the right solution. Questioning: When it comes to questioning I don’t have a mute button. I like to ask enough questions because it helps me come up with the best solution. Networking: I have no networking skills. I’ve had the opportunity to do this in my place of work, but I never take the time to do it. Observing: This skill is definitely one of my strongest. I observe everything that goes around me always finding a better way to solve an issue. StrengthsDelivery SkillsWeaknesses Planning: I enjoy planning, especially when the plan in process will be a success to an issue. Analyzing: I lose interest very easily when I have to sit down for a long period of time to analyze something. Detail-Oriented: When I’m given and assignment I make sure I executed just as it was asked. Discipline-executing: I always make sure I perform to the best of my ability as asked of me following all regulations and procedures to be successful. Having good associating, questioning, observing, planning, detail-oriented, and discipline-executing skills will not only be beneficial for me, but also  for the organization that I work for. Due to the fact that innovation is a critical aspect for organizations, senior executives are always seeking for candidates with these types of skills because it will contribute to their ability to innovate and be successful in the business with strategically ideas since executives don’t feel responsible for innovating. Unfortunately due to that fact; that my weaknesses with experimenting, networking, and analyzing will hinder my ability to support innovation in an organization at 100%. Although I’m not as concerned even though my weaknesses will delay any project I might be working on, but with trial in error I can convert those weaknesses into strengths. As stated in the innovators DNA, practice, practice, practice. Though innovative thinking may be innate to some, it can also be developed and strengthened through practice. Conclusion Through the models and detailed explanations we have learned how the behavioral and transformational theories are a big part of innovation and organizations. The roles of discovery and delivery skills are crucial in an organization to innovate with ideas, research, and these skills are a company’s success to innovate and succeed. I feel comfortable with my discovery and delivery skills, my role now are to practice and work on my weaknesses. A candidate with all the skills in place; is better than one with just a few. References Barnard, C. (1938), new definition of leadership. Retrieved from http://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/theories/leadership_theories.htm Bass, B. M. (1990). From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3): 19-32. Bass, B. M. (1995). Transformational Leadership. Journal of Management Inquiry, 4(3): 293 298. Behavioral Grid Retrieved from http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/classical-leadership-theories-lesson-quiz.html#lesson Cohen, W. M. and Levinthal, D. A. (1990).Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 128-152. Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational Innovation: A Meta-analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34: 555-590. Doyle, M. E., & Smith, M. K. (2001). Classical models of managerial leadership: Trait, behavioral, contingency and transformational theory. Retrieved from Infed Web site: http://www.infed.org/leadership/tradional_leadership.htm. Dyer, J. H., Gregersen, H. B., & Christensen, C. M. (2009, December). The innovator’s DNA. Harvard Business Review, 87(12), 60–67. Dyer, J. H., Gregersen, H. B., & Christensen, C. M. (2011). The innovator’s DNA: Mastering the five skills of disruptive innovators. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press. Elkins, T. and Keller, R. T. (2003). Leadership in Research and Development Organizations: A Literature Review and Conceptual Framework. Leadership Quarterly, 14: 587-606. Jung, D. I. (2001). Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Their Effects on Creativity in Groups. Creativity Research Journal, 13 (2): 185-195 Transformational model Retrieved from http://strategyofnarayan.blogspot.com/2013/04/assignment-of-week-23.html

The Transition Of Texas From A Democratic State - 1183 Words

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Because of the increased mobilization of minorities, and the minorities being the majority, more people supported Democratic political views, which led to the party gaining control of the state government in Texas and dominating Texas politics. The Democratic Party had the majority of Texas for nearly 100 years through the disenfranchisement of its voters, namely African Americans, Latinos, and lower class Caucasians through poll taxes. With the continuous election of Democrats among the Southern states, the RepublicansShow MoreRelatedUn it 1 Assignment 11272 Words   |  6 PagesGovernment 2306 26 Sep 2017 Unit1 Assignment I live in Texas State House District 115. The current Texas State Representative is Matt Rinaldi. 1 Texas State Senate District 16 and Texas State Senator is Don Huffines. From website www.house.state.tx.us/members/member-page/?district=115, district analyses reports can be found and downloaded. 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As the country matured from its initial beginnings in the latter part ofRead MoreObama Care: Affordable Health Care Insurance for All900 Words   |  4 Pagesincome level. Additionally due directly to the fact that both houses were controlled by Democrats and Obama’s popularity was high during this time. As everyone knows timing is everything; the opportunity was there, a Democratic president, a democratic controlled Congress, and a democratic controlled House, therefore the deed was done, the healthcare bill passed without a hitch. Sadly there are many negative reactions to the â€Å"forced health care coverage by employers.† In many instances due to higherRead MoreImmigration Reform : Illegal Immigration1697 Words   |  7 Pagesin Arizona there was a democratic governor Janet Napolitano that continually vetoed the Arizona’s legislature attempt to reduce illegal immigration. In 2009 the state replaced the Democratic governor with a Republican governor Jan Brewer who was supportive of reforms for immigration in Arizona. In 2010 the immigration problem was so sever that Arizona passed legislation allowing the state to enforce federal law for identification of legal immigration into the United States. This sparked a nationRead MoreCampus Carry Laws Will Allow Law Abiding Citizens1242 Words   |  5 Pagesevery state has different laws stating their views about having guns on campus, there is one thing in common among states that allow guns at schools: those who do carry must do so with the utmo st awareness One such responsible person is Huyler Marsh, who is a competitive target shooter and is one of the few students who has decided to carry at the University of Texas. He believes that he should be able to be responsible for his own safety and not have to rely on others. Albeit states like Texas do notRead MorePresident Obama’S Farewell Address Was Very Conciliatory.1212 Words   |  5 Pagesbring people together and create a spirit of unity and solidarity that unfortunately is deeply missing in America today. Interestingly, he delicately and poignantly pointed out some of the mistakes that were made during this electoral process by the Democratic Party and quite possibly by Hillary Clinton herself especially her ethical shortcomings. He didn’t name her at all and this slight reference was in fact very subtle. All together, it was a speech that ended on a beautifully emotional note, especiallyRead MoreThe Warming Of Relations Between Cuba And The United States1285 Words   |  6 Pagescountries should stay distant from each other due to our vast governmental and cultural differences,and that reparations,due to this rough past between the two, render repairs impossible. Though this believed for valid reasons, good relations between the two countries harbors a number of benefits including, but not limited to: improved trade with Cuba,as well as other countries outside of Cuba, improving government for Cuba, and opening of jobs in both Cuba and the United States. For these reasons, theRead MoreEssay on Informative Speech on Arizona Bill1391 Words   |  6 Pagesunconstitutional. III. States, elected officials and United States citizens support the new Arizona Bill SB1070. INTRODUCTION Everyone look to their left; now look to your right. Chances are one of the students besides you is an immigrant to the Unites States. In 2008, according to the New York Times there were 11.9 million illegal immigrants living in the United States. Although several laws exist to control the illegal immigration problem in the United States, it is still a growing concern